Innovative hydrogeophysical approach for detecting the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity in Bahri city, Sudan: A comparative study of Csókás and Heigold methods

Abstract Hydraulic conductivity is one of the crucial parameters used to identify potentiality and productivity groundwater aquifers. This research employs an integrated approach using geophysical well logging, exploratory factor analysis surface electrical resistivity methods detect vertical horizontal variation hydraulic in Bahri city, Sudan. Based on logs Spontaneous potential (SP), natural gamma ray (GR), (RS), Csókás method determine continuous along aquifer. experimentally modified version Kozeny–Carman equation based formation aquifer effective grain size. performed three boreholes, obtained conductivities showed a close agreement with that pumping test analysis. Furthermore, measured multivariate statistical relies correlation between extracted factors petrophysical hydrogeological parameters. In this research, strong negative linear first indicated. Consequently, site-specific suggested for estimation last stage, results from are interpolated sounding (VES) measurements throughout studied area. was achieved by combining logging soundings obtain consistent estimation. As result, obtained, average 1.9 m/day which shows previous investigations (1.5 m/day). highly recommended since it can enhance data coverage, cutting down expense lowering uncertainty models.